Sexual Exploitation During Slavery essays

Sexual Exploitation During Slavery expositions During Antebellum period, slaves were vigorously unified to South. African Americans were subjugated on little homesteads, huge ranches, in urban communities and towns, inside homes, out in the fields, and in businesses and transportation. Slaves, who were dealt with like piece of the proprietors properties, could be purchased, and exchange and were misused genuinely, explicitly, and socially. Just a couple subjugated ladies who had the option to peruse and compose had portray their lives as slaves in their account works that have sums up however insufficiently the common state of oppressed ladies. A great many intolerable abuse's accounts went to the grave alongside the slaves and the servitude framework. Be that as it may, the accounts and meetings with previous slaves by the a portion of the history specialists have all around archived the sexual misuse of oppressed ladies, for example, Harriet Jacobs. Such records offer us the responses about how the subjugated ladies were explic itly misused. Is it accurate to say that they were truly manhandled? Assuming this is the case, how much? Does the sexual misuse take the structure other than graphical savagery? Harriet Jacobs, who was subjugated to Dr. Stone, knew her destiny as a slaved young lady when she contacted her pubescence. Naturally introduced to bondage in Edenton, North Carolina, in 1813, she when arrived at the age of 15 disdain the way that she was transforming into womanhood which would just build the potential outcomes of sexual misuse. As she was explicitly developed, she began getting Dr. Rocks consideration. He talked unequivocally about his aim to have sexual connection with Jacobs. In her account, Jacobs composed that he would murmur foul words in her ear that she would never disregard. Jacobs composed, He inhabited my young psyche with messy pictures, for example, just a despicable beast could consider. Dr. Rock believed that Jacobs is terrified of her special lady so manufactured a house for her four miles from the town, and afterward expected to make her his woman. This is the way Mr. Stone wh... <!

Business & Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business and Society - Research Paper Example ss associations to act morally to advance an empowering domain, which is favorable for business in this way, guaranteeing no single organization gets an uncalled for advantage over the others. Business morals isn't just restricted to the way in which associations behave in the business condition yet in addition to the way in which they react to legitimate commitments like adherence to laws and guidelines administering the business condition in which they work. Corporate social duty is likewise another front in which organizations exhibit business morals. It isn't all together for a firm to direct business in a specific area and make enormous turnovers without offering back to the general public that is liable for its prosperity. A business firm will be regarded untrustworthy on the off chance that it neglects to offer back to the general public as far as corporate social obligation exercises since the general public gives the empowering condition to it to exist and thrive financially (Shaw, 2008). Narrows Hedge subsidize is an American Company working in the monetary business. It was built up in 1996 by Samuel Israel. This store bunch included various fraudulent business model organizations that met up under the umbrella Bayou Hedge subsidize gathering. In its origin, the originator Mr. Samuel Israel tricked speculators to submit their cash into the organization with the expectation that it will significantly increase in a time of under 5 years. Numerous financial specialists purchased the conscientious thought and submitted a considerable measure of cash into Bayou fence gathering. Records show that the underlying measure of cash that was raised by financial specialists was around $450 million. The group’s originator persuaded the speculators who had gone ahead board that in a time of five years that is 1996-2001, the venture would have recovered to $4 billion. I think the financial specialists neglected to direct due tirelessness practicality on their venture as they would have concocted considerable motivations to forego the choice of putting resources into the organization, be that as it may, the arrangement was excessively sweet

Classification and Definition Essay Topics

Classification and Definition Essay TopicsThe classification and definition essay can be one of the most difficult parts of the high school education. This type of essay should include information about a certain topic that the student wants to write. They should write on this topic, knowing they are being graded on the information and whether or not it was interesting enough to merit a grade.In order to write a successful classification and definition essay, you will need to choose your topics carefully. You will need to write a short essay, and then use some research information to write about the topic that you chose. By the time you finish writing the essay, you will have covered every aspect of the topic that you chose.The first thing you will need to do is to choose a topic for your essay. Look at some of the topics that your child has already been writing about and ask yourself if this topic would interest them. There are some topics that are easier to write about than others, so keep this in mind when you are choosing your topic.When you are looking through the different topics that your child has been researching, look at the subject matter. Remember that the assignment is for you to determine what the subject matter is. If you are researching a movie or television show, then you need to remember that this will be graded on your essay.Once you have picked a general topic, then it is time to start researching the topic that you selected. Keep in mind that you will need to write this type of essay because you need to provide some information. Without having a solid topic, you may find yourself unable to write a good essay.Every topic has a material needs that you will need to write about. Keep in mind that you are going to need to supply the teacher with a study guide for the topic.This is essential to providing information for the teacher to use in the grades that you will receive.Writing the essay is the most important part of the assignment. While you will need to use several sources for your assignment, you want to make sure that you stick to the facts and all of the sources are related to the topic. Never use something from a source that does not relate to the topic in question.The last thing you need to remember is that you will need to work well with the other students in the class. This does not mean that you need to fit in as a social butterfly. The key to success is learning how to properly conduct yourself in the classroom.

What Is Organizational Culture And Why Should We Care

Organizational culture is the lived experience of organizational members that consist of values, beliefs, and ways of behaving and communicating (Dainton and Zelley). According to Michael D. Watkins in his article, â€Å"What is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care?† he explains that while every one knows that Organizational culture exist â€Å"there is little consensus on what organizational culture actually is, never mind how it influences behavior and whether it is something leaders can change† (Watkins). Watkins started a discussion on LinkedIn to see what people believed organizational culture was. Some responses consisted of â€Å"Culture is how organizations do things† and â€Å"Organizational culture is the sum of values and rituals which serve as ‘glue’ to integrate the members of the organization†. As a senior at Suffolk I have seen many ways in which our school tries to promote organizational culture but unfortunately in r eality it fail’s to do so. Throughout my four year experience there has been some instance in where I have either been one of two or the only person of color in the classroom which made me feel uncomfortable not because I am of color but because I felt that some people stared at me every time I participated in class (especially, when a girl in class asked me if she could touch my hair because she has never seen really curly hair in real life). By having to experience this incident is of course not the organizations fault, but the way in which theyShow MoreRelatedThe Seven Steps Of A Healthy Organization1553 Words   |  7 PagesAt the beginning of doing my research I was not sure what Organizational culture was. In fact, I thought it some kind of innocuous entity with no real meaning at all, but I now know that it is so much more than that. Organizational culture is a companies back bone that determines the type of organization that it will be and what it values above all else. It also determines if it will have a healthy organizational culture or not and with it a great company can be constructed or demolished. The sevenRead MoreNursing and The Organizational Culture of Human Resource Management1495 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational culture can play a very important role in any corporation’s success. As we learn more about how to make a company more successful through effective management of Human Resource, we are learning of the value of people, as a whole, and how they contribute to the success or failure of an organization. That’s even more so true with in healthcare organizations. Nurses play a pivotal role in the health care profession and make up the majority of healthcare workers in a hospital settingRead MoreHr Healthcare Organization Module 1 Writing Assignment1452 Words   |  6 Pages HR IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION-MODULE 1 WRITING ASSIGNMENT Potla Siva Krishna Missouri State Universityâ€Æ' HR in Healthcare Organizations-Module 1 Writing Assignment 1. Which of the specific environmental and organizational HR challenges will be most important in healthcare in the next 20 years? You may use your own experience or information from other healthcare executives in your answer? The role of the Human Resource Manager is evolving with the change in competitive market environmentRead MoreLeaders and Organizational Culture1191 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Leaders and Organizational Culture. †¢ †¢ †¢ ..; †¢ . Leaders and Organizational Culture Prepared for There are many definitions of organizational culture. The most basic definition is an organization’s shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions on how members of the organization should behave which gives meaning to how the organization functions. Organizational culture should enhance performance, internal integration, and bring all staff of all levels togetherRead MoreSas Institute: a Different Approach to Incentives and People Management Practices in the Software Industry1351 Words   |  6 Pages Prepared by Varun Kumar Pedapati Fit with the Environment Strategic design is a fundamental task of organizational life. Jim Goodnight, the co-founder of SAS designed his organizational structure in a unique way that made his company stand apart from the rest. Since founded in 1976, they had been using the same organizational design. But with such an organizational structure, the big question lies whether SAS can retain its employees and customers forever. One of the key systemicRead MoreFive Concepts Important for Successful Communication in an Organization1709 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will discuss the five concepts that I feel are the most important for successful communication within an organizational setting. I will discuss how to practice active listening, the importance of organizational culture, how to resolve conflict, the key principles of human communication, and the process of formal and informal communication. I will address why they are necessary for successful communication and how best to implement them within your organization. TheRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational structure can be defined as the establishment of authority and responsibilities between different positions in the company. It can be either horizontal or vertical. Organization structure also facilitates transparency in the organization (Luthans, 1998). My organization is Saint Joseph’s Hospital, which is a leading magnet facility here in Atlanta Georgia. Saint Joseph s was the first hospital in the Southeast to perform open heart surgery, the first to develop a cardiac cath labRead MoreOrganizational Effectiveness Of An Organization1282 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational effectiveness is the concept of how effective an organization is in achieving the outcomes the organization intends to produce. Organizational effectiveness groups in organizations directly concern themselves with several key areas. Leadership, decision making and structure, people, and cultures are just a few of several key areas. Leadership consist of self and crew understanding of a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, providing theRead MoreDifferences Between Culture And Climate1020 Words   |  5 Pagesown words, define organizational â€Å"culture† versus â€Å"climate†. To me, organizational culture is a company’s framework preserved by the employees that outlines what they deem important, what they stand for, and an image that they want to project. Oftentimes, a company’s culture is verbalized by their rules, regulations, mission statement and their company values. The culture is decided by the company and influences how an employee behaves in the organization. Conversely, organizational climate is deemedRead MoreResistance Of Change And The Application For Nursing And Leadership Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesResistance to Change Change is inevitable and affects so many facets of life. Healthcare is synonymous with change and is a revolving door for changes for very valid reasons. Leadership in health care is pivotal. The strength of leadership has an unambiguous link to the quality of care and the reputation of the profession. The paper will review the significance and literature surrounding the topic of resistance to change and the application to nursing and leadership. Significance to Leadership

Sustainable Economic Development of Birmingham Essay

The creation of a strong and sustainable economy in any city requires a numerous variation of factors and a careful balance of strategic policies made by the city council, local planners or other vital participants in the building of a successful urban dynamic. With the dramatic decline of the manufacturing sector in many of Britain’s major cities such as Birmingham, a strong and sustainable economy has almost been out of reach. Unemployment and the great suburban decentralisation of residences have caused the heart of major cities in Britain to suffer and decline economically. The predominant question that must be asked is what policies and strategic priorities regarding Birmingham’s economy can be put in place so that regeneration†¦show more content†¦However this view is not necessarily shared by all. In 2004 James Dyson explained to the BBC that in order for a city to progress it must sustain a manufacturing base instead of moving away from it. He uses the example of a modern day developing country such as china, whose economic progression is enormous, with most of the regards going to their extensive engineering and manufacturing industry. However, if this is applied as the predominant way of generating wealth in Birmingham then this may not be as affective. To begin with, the labour pool is far smaller so to keep up the pace with China may be impossible especially as China have already mastered low-cost production. Also Dyson’s view on industry is extremely idealistic. He states the need to return to manufacturing. He mentions past accomplishments made by Britain in accordance to great engineering feats such as the coal mines. However he fails to acknowledge the simple fact that in Britain’s manufacturing base is in decline whilst the growing industries are, service and the creative sectors. Failure to tenure these industries will end chance of Britain and its major cities such as Birmingham maintaining economic power in the world. There are many possible policies and strategies in which Birmingham can itself put forward to utilise service and creative industries. A suggestion has been put forward by Turok (2005) which is to have more of a creative role in public policy in bringing together different firmsShow MoreRelatedUniversity of Phoenix-Birmingham721 Words   |  3 Pages University of Phoenix - Birmingham School of Business - Business and Management Degrees Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, the University of Phoenix was founded in 1976 and now has locations world-wide offering a variety of online degree programs. Its business programs have received high credentials from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and the International Assembly for Collegiate Business EducationRead MoreStochastic Grinding Process Development For Metal Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheel1064 Words   |  5 Pages Deterministic grinding process development for metal bonded diamond grinding wheels through patterned grinding wheel by utilizing micro EDM comprises four main investigation on: (1) material removal mechanism considering interaction between diamond grains, workpiece, metal bond and electrical spark, (2) effective pattern geometry design for effective material removal and grinding performance, (3) application of micro EDM to create the pattern on the metal bonded grinding wheel, (4) analysing theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And The Foundation Of The Csr Pyramid1936 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined using the CSR pyramid by Carroll in 1979. â€Å"Corporate social responsibility encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary (philanthropic) expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time† (Carroll, 1979). Those include economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility which make up the levels of analysis. Economic sustainability is the foundation of the CSR pyramid; it suggests that business require to makeRead MoreThe Effect Of Qualification And Income Levels On The Political Status Of Different Birmingham Wards3923 Words   |  16 Pagesand educational attainment/skills. In this essay, I will be investigating the effects of qualification and income levels on the political status of 6 different Birmingham wards. My research statement is, To what extent does the relationship between levels of qualification and income, influence the political status of different Birmingham wards? I shall compare and contrast several different sources of data, as well as referring to my questionnaire results in my data analysis. My hypothesis wasRead MoreAngola and Portuguese Colonization3006 Words   |  12 Pagesthrough identifying the new policies and the governance system used by the Angolan community, evaluating its effectiveness in the modern times, in comparison to the system used in the times of colonialism. In so doing, the paper seeks to reveal the development activities and projects which have been implemented in Angola, through the policies which have been implemented by policy makers and decision makers, looking at how they have influenced the lives of the citizens in Angola. The paper will then concludeRead More The United Kingdom Beverage Market Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pagesthe second largest in Europe. The capital of UK, which is London, is the largest financial centre in the world. UK is a member of the European Union (EU), the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). With the increasing economic growth, sales of consumer goods would also escalate. This would be a good opportunity for Funky Cola to enter into the UK market. b) Political Fortunately, UK is a country with a very stable political backgroundRead MoreCompare and Contrast Two Similar Buildings7151 Words   |  29 Pageson each building to better understand the techniques and materials used, then gone on to compare the design and engineering and look at how it has changed over time. I have then investigated different techniques to help establish the most sustainable and economic manner in which my building category could hope to achieve net zero carbon emissions over the next thirty years. 2.0 Site A: Leeds College of Art 2.1 Overview 2.1.1 Description Leeds College of Art, previously known as JosephRead MoreImportance of Managing and Adopting Collaboration and Partnership in the Tourism Industry2184 Words   |  9 Pages†¢As the Tourism Planning Director of a Regional Development Agency, write a report to the Board on the importance of adopting and managing collaboration and partnership in tourism and/or hospitality. 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Issues affecting tourist attractions 3.1 Biodiversity Conservation 3.2 Pollution 3.3 Climate change 3.4 Accommodation 3.5Education and training 3.6local communities 3.7 Abandoned heritage sites 4. Conclusion 5. Recommendations 6. References 1. Abstract Read MoreJd Wetherspoon Essay3080 Words   |  13 Pagescompetitive position. As well as to gain competitive position in the market. To implement and analyze the strategy using Porter’s five generic forces and also discuss a possible strategic direction; by combining with the life cycle portfolio matrix development before drawing to a conclusion. JD Wetherspoon Plc is one of the leading pub chain and budget hotel in United Kingdom. The company has 775 pubs spread in UK and Ireland. The pub first started on December 1979 in London and started their firstRead MoreAnalysis: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Development State Model2468 Words   |  10 PagesThe advantages and disadvantages of the developmental state model for achieving development goals Introduction The term developmental state has been widely utilised to describe any state experiencing a period of economic development and improvement in living standards (Pham, 2012). One of the most significant arguments in this scope is the performance of developmental state model. A number of scholars have attempted to investigate this issue and arguments can be divided into three categories. Proponents

How One Fulfills A Dream - 1570 Words

How one fulfills a dream is a contested and unsettled concept. Is it based on luck, skill, chance, or something else entirely? Attributing a dream’s success to outside forces, such as luck and chance, creates unambitious tendencies. On the other hand, when a person has an internal locus of control, a belief that he or she can influence their success themselves, they take their life into their own hands and control their own destiny. In multiple studies, it has been shown that those with an internal locus of control, as opposed to an external one, have lived to be more intelligent, independent, and successful later in life. But even with these known statistics, many people continually choose to leave their dreams to chance. While this is†¦show more content†¦And so, by capitalizing â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time†, Hurston argues that many people look to a higher power when attempting to accomplish a dream. In the beginning of the book, Hurston refrains fro m mentioning any characters, plot, or even a clue at the setting. Instead, she chooses to enlighten the reader on her view of dreams, an abstract concept that has no tangible outcome. In the opening paragraph, she compares a dream to a ship on a horizon, and states, â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time† (1). Capitalizing â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time† gives the two words emphasis and importance, just as one would capitalize a name and even God. Thus, Hurston creates this parallel to magnify both the â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time† to show their over-arching power on a man’s dream. Yet, Hurston says that â€Å"the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation† while the dreams are â€Å"mocked to death† by time. Even though â€Å"resigning† and â€Å"mocking† are disheartening reactions from someone, they still do not inhibit one from continuing to chase their dreams. And so, Hurston claims that although people look to higher powers to seek their approval, one could still carry on towards reaching their dream. In addition, Hurston repeats the word â€Å"some† twice, referring to the twoShow MoreRelatedOrganizing and Drafting Your Definition Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide details. FIRST PARAGRAPH: INTRODUCTION Introduce the concept of the American Dream. Explain why it’s important to define the concept and why it is difficult in some cases to define the concept. success isnt something you chase. Its something you have to put forth the effort for constantly. Then maybe itll come when you least expect.- Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan gave a speech about the American Dream in his definition. Michael Jordan focused on being successful, and being happy withRead MoreHarlem A Dream Deferred Analysis762 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes their dream, but people do not always fulfill these dreams. There are obstacles that come in the way of people being able to fulfill their dreams. In â€Å"Harlem [A Dream Deferred]† Langston Hughes uses imagery and rhetorical questions in order to demonstrate what happens to a dream. The theme that appears through Langston Hughes poem is the theme of not pursuing a dream. Through Hughes poem, this theme is demonstrated and the imagery helps in conveying the idea of having a dream postponed. Read MoreA Of The Sun Is A Play Written By Lorriane Hansberry882 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by the poem Langston Hughes wrote, A Dream Deferred. She used a line in his poem, for the title of her book, although there is not one raisin in the play you can see many dreams being deferred. Langston poem ask us a question on what happens to our dreams when they do not become reality. Walter had a dream on providing for his family rather than having to work everyday for the whites, rather he would like to own his own business. While his dream could have been fulfilled, Willie ran off withRead More1) How Does Gatsby Represent the American Dream? and What Does the Novel Have to Say About the Condition of the Amrican Dream in 1920s?1116 Words   |  5 Pagesreality, illusion and immorality, no one would probably deny that the predominate one focuses on the American Dream and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is th e central of this novel. This can be explained by how Gatsby came to get his fortune. By studying the process of how Gatsby tried to achieve his own so-called American Dream, we could have a better understanding of what American dream is all about, in those down-to-earthRead More1) How Does Gatsby Represent the American Dream? and What Does the Novel Have to Say About the Condition of the Amrican Dream in 1920s?1110 Words   |  5 Pagesreality, illusion and immorality, no one would probably deny that the predominate one focuses on the American Dream and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is the central of this novel. This can be explained by how Gatsby came to get his fortune. By studying the process of how Gatsby tried to achieve his own so-called American Dream, we could have a better understanding of what American dream is all about, in those down-to-earthRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1 130 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. During the Founding Fathers’ time, many believed the American Dream meant freedom, equality, and mutual respect. Time has changed this ideology of the American Dream, which is now seen as owning a million dollar mansion with multiple luxury cars. This isn’t the case for many immigrants who come to the Americas to have a better life for themselves and their family. To many of them, the American Dream is as simpleRead MoreEssay on Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Happens to a Dream Deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore– And then run? (Langston Hughes). It is important to never lose sight of one’s dream. Dreams are what keep people moving in life, but if they are ignored, they may morph and lose their prevailing form. This is evident in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, as Walter’s, Beneatha’s, and Mama’s dreams become delayed, distorted, and blurred. Walter has long dreamed of making his family’sRead MoreOf Mice and Men: The Death of the American Dream1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death of the American Dream The American Dream has always been one of the most prominent ideals in American society. Of Mice and Men was written by Steinbeck in 1937. It focuses on the lives of two men, Lennie and George, as they try to fulfill their own American Dream of owning a small farm. While this seems like an attainable dream in the beginning, Steinbeck chooses instead to destroy this dream utterly with the death of Lennie. Curley’s wife had an American Dream of being an actress, butRead MoreThe Day Of The Locust Analysis1439 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream because you have to be asleep to believe it.† –George Carlin. In the novel, the Day of the Locust, Nathanael West is able to depict the falsity behind the American Dream. West sees Hollywood’s version of the phenomenon known as the American Dream as a myth that many people fall victim to, which is shown through the recurring themes of despair in the novel. Through the characters of The Day of the Locust, Nathaniel West is able to illustrate the dangers of the Hollywood dream. AccordingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1453 Words   |  6 Pagespathetic victims of society, each of them pathetic in their own ways. Yet all of them are lonely, in need of companionship, in need of a relationship and in desperate need to make their dreams come true. Specifically, Steinbeck uses the two main protagonists George and Lennie to convey the theme of the American dream. At the beginning the two men get a job working on a farm together after fleeing from their last jobs at a place called Weed. Lennie is mentally young and has great physical strength

Mobilising Flood Risk Management Services †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mobilising Flood Risk Management Services. Answer: Introduction: The Government of Victoria (VIC) is termed as the democratic and administrative authorities that are used to manage the risks and threats involved in Victoria, which is a state of Australia. The constitution of the VIC government shows the year of formation of the framework in the year 1851. Victoria is considered as the commonwealth resource of Australia since the year 1901. Due to the presence of commonwealth, Victorian government got their rights of legislature and judiciary supremacy included under the Australian constitution. To address the risks and threats in the public sector organization of Victoria, the governing body known as the Victorian Protective Data Security Framework (VPDSF) was formed. The organizational framework comprising of the Victorian Protective Data Security Framework (VPDSF) includes the Assurance Model, guides for security, supporting resources and the Victorian Protective Data Security Standards (VPDSS). The resources used here are used to help the gover nment involved take effective decisions in ensuring the right allotment of access to the right people involved. The following report discusses about the risks and threats that are currently present in the Victorian government. The analysis of these risks in terms of high, low and medium is also included in the report to be discussed. The challenges that can be faced in the public sector organization are also included in the report. In addition, the uncertainties involved and the mitigation of the risks are also included in the report. The standards and protocols maintained in the Victorian Protective Data Security Framework (VPDSF) are present to help the government make right decision when access to certain information is given to a people. It ensures that the right of access to certain sensitive information is not exploited in the name of unauthorized access (Toohey, 2016). The standards and protocols that are being followed comply with the national and international laws of policies and standards. The operations and processing of the public sector organizations and the public agencies involved with the Victorian government are identified by the Victorian Protective Data Security Framework (VPDSF). The Assurance model followed by the VPDSF is used to follow and monitor the activities that are currently undertaken in the various involved organization and agencies (Redley Raggatt, 2017). Moreover, the economic benefits and the security in operation are also maintained by the assurance model. The VPDSF also promot es the need for cultural changes in an organization by strengthening and upgrading the security protocols in the organization. This facilitates the organization involved in doing their operations while complying with the various standards and policies. Risks and concerns: The presence of various risks and concerns as identified by the government of Victoria is being discussed in this section. The respective fields of the risks and threats involved are to be addressed to provide solutions to each of them. The steps for addressing the identified risks and threats, various steps are to be followed. However, the threats and risks are different for two different governing bodies ("VICTORIAN PROTECTIVE DATA SECURITY FRAMEWORK", 2017). The Commissioner for privacy and protection of data (CPPD) needs to establish the framework needed to monitor the operations of the organization of the public sector. The presence of promotion of security standards and policies are to be emphasized by the CPPD and the need for formal reporting of the security assessment profiles are also to be emphasized. For the process followed by the public sector organizations, the need for developing and assessing the security profile and the security plan development is emphasized. The annual attestation of CPPD is also emphasized by the process followed in the public sector organizations (Peltier, 2013). The VPDSF has made successful analysis that notifies the presence of 18 requirements for emphasizing the protection of the information associated with the public sector organization. This data analysis has made the presence of four specific domains to address, which consists of information, physical security, ICT and personnel. The CIA triangle corresponds to the confidentiality, integrity and availability. The model is used to provide guidelines addressing the policies for security of information in the organization involved (Sadgrove, 2016). Confidentiality in the model refers to the limit of access to the resource present. Integrity is the presence of accuracy and trust in the information present. Availability is the presence of guaranteed access to the information. The diagram of risks and threats presented in the diagram of the above topic clearly depicts the awareness of such concerns. The different aspects depicted in the diagram are the physical security, personnel, information and ICT. These are the main aspects that are addressed by the standards and policies followed by the VPDSF. The risks and concerns are depicted as: High-risk areas Medium-risk areas Medium-Low risk areas Low-risk areas Security in information ICT Policies and responsibilities of the organization Public sector organizationsNational and international securities Compliance with standards The analysis of the diagram is made in respect to the areas depicted in the table. These include the high-risk areas, medium-risk areas, medium low and low-risk areas. The high-risk aspects are present in the Information securities and securities in national or international standards. However, the problems that are present in the information securities includes the disclosure of information in organizations involved, unauthorized access and data destruction, which can affect the operation on a large scale (Sadgrove, 2016). The security related to the computer and its associated aspects are included in the information security. The assurance of information is termed as the assurance of trust in the information regarding the CIA model discussed above. In addition, the security of national and international standards is used to refer to the protection of assets, which is directly related to the protection of national and international standards. This portion is also of high importance, as the measures to analyze the importance in compliance to their standards should be followed. The ICT security is included in the areas of medium risk and concerns. The ICT security is used to define the security provided in the information shared via communications. This aspect of ICT is same as that of the information security but the direct emphasis is given to the security on communications (Almeida, Hankins Williams, 2016). The telecommunication aspect gives the people the advantage to communicate with each other without the requirement of any problems. The medium low risk areas include the policies and responsibilities of the various public sector organization involved with the VIC government. The need for compliance with the government standards is also a place of medium low risk. The policies and responsibilities of the various public sector organizations are to be addressed so that the threats and risks in their assessment are minimized. In addition, the need for compliance to the standards and protocols are to be maintained as the risks and threats involved in the assessment of the standards are to be followed. This is the reason of placement of the risks in the medium low zone. The low risk aspects include the public sector organization. These organizations are intended to serve the public and protection of their assets is required (Almeida, Hankins Williams, 2016). These places are prone to risk by the outsiders as the present of certain individual may try to get information that jeopardizes the activity of the affected individual. This is the reason of implementation of enhanced security protocols to help address them. Deliberate and accidental threats: The provided document reference the need for applying enhanced security protocols in the public sector organization for protecting the assets present. The risks for security are to be identified and analyzed to follow the risk management standards. The public sector organization needs the acquisition of data from the public to facilitate effective operation. The users of this organization provide the information as the need to access is acquired from it. This in turn requires the organization involved with the public services to assure the effectiveness of their work and the security in their information content (Cole, Gin Vickery, 2017). Although, the presence of public information like the user credentials including the name, address and other aspects, the company or organization involved must provide assurance in not exploiting the acquired resource as this may lead to problems in trust and ethics if hampered with. This is the basic threat that is a place for concern among all or ganizations dealing with pubic services. Deliberate threats are those types of threats that are done with the sole intent of getting unauthorized information or access to a system. With respect to an organization, the deliberate threats are those that involve trespassing in the system to get access, sabotage of system, extortion and software attack. These types of attacks are those one, which involves the misuse of security standards followed by the organization to get the required information or access in an unethical way. This is a major concern that is present in all the organizations and the need for enhanced and strong security protocols for addressing such concerns are required to be present or else the operation of the organization can be hampered leading to extreme loss of business (Nurse et al., 2014). However, the sabotage in system and the software attacks are the most important place of concern in the system as they can affect the system in an extreme way and the security standards must address them to ensure th e operations of the organization involved. The information security and the ICT are the main places where these deliberate threats can take place. The reason for effective security standards are the threats to these aspects. Another place where the deliberate threats are possible is the compliance of the service providers. The service providers may not comply with the government standards due to the presence of discrepancies and the provision of unsuccessful products to the public sector organization will take place. This can lead to risks to the public sector sensitivity. However, the first level of importance are to be given to the information security and ICT security as the problems faced in these sectors can lead to major effects in the system (Pritchard PMP, 2014). An example for an attack that was supposed to be deliberate is the civilian attack in Catalonia. The main suspect is a van, which was made to go through the crowded places that led to major injuries of the affected individuals. The attacks that are supposed to be accidental are those attacks that do not follow a pattern and control of these attacks is not possible. However, the impacts of these attacks can be lessened. These attacks are not intentional. The natural disasters, human errors in working or technical issues are the accidental threats. These threats cannot be controlled but if present, the operation can be impacted in some extreme cases. However, the technical errors and human errors can be significantly reduced (Luiijf, 2012). As these problems, involve the threats occurring due to human problems, the presence of such errors can be minimized. The technical errors occur due to the negligence of employees or the public individuals and the faulty management of the devices like lack of internet access. The presence of such threats can be reduced by efficient and regular training and presence of personnel to help address the issues. However, the natural disasters cannot be controlled or reduced at al l. Nevertheless, the impact it creates can be reduced. The need for backup of the acquired data both internally and externally is required. Internal backup means saving up the recent work in the device to roll back the changes once affected. External backup means the presence of cloud to store the backed up information. After the passage of the disaster, the changes that were saved can be rolled back and the operation can continue without any grievances. The organizational polices as well as the standards of national and international level are a place where the accidental problems are eminent. The policies may not always comply with the set standards due to many accidental reasons. One such example of an accidental threat is the ransomware attack on an oil company in Russia. The company is a very well known one operating in Russia (Davies, 2014). Due to such attacks in the system, the company faced grave threats and the need to secure the system was implemented by halting the opera tions in information technology department. The ransomware attacks made by the hackers did not target the organization, which makes this a possibility for an accidental attack. During the conduction of risks and threats internal assessment, the public sector organization need to determine the already set standards and policies present in the policies but during the external assessment of the risks or threats involved, the assessment reports conducted by the public sector organization are to be submitted to the Commissioner for privacy and Data Protection (CPDP). During the internal assessment, the organization to be involved is to carry out the required assessment (Jouini, Rabai Aissa, 2014). The accountability and responsibility for assessment are given to the public sector organization. The CPDP is responsible to help the organizations involved to carry out the assessments. In addition, during the conduction of external assessment, the accountability and responsibility for the execution of the assessment is present with the CPDP itself. The public sector organizations are then consulted for carrying out the assessment effectively. The assessment is then reported to the organizations involved. The CPDP is considered responsible for establishing the framework necessary to maintain and monitor the activities of the information and data in the public sector organization. The promotion of security related parameters are also done by the CPDP itself. The maintenance and audits of assessment are made to see the impact of compliance to the set standards. The recommendation to the system and the formal reporting in terms of the security of the system is also maintained by the CPDP (Heazle et al., 2013). Moreover, the research for upgrading the policies and security protocols are also conducted by the CPDP itself. For assessment of the required responsibilities, the presence of certain procedures in the step is required to carry out the report. They are also required to make and maintain the Protective data Security Plan (PDSP) and Security Risk Profile Assessment (SRPA). The organizations are also required to provide the resources needed for carrying out the assessment by the CPDP (Paschen Beilin, 2017). Moreover, the compliance of the standards is to be followed as ensuring the protection of government assets are to be maintained. The internal formal reporting mechanism and audit process are followed by the organization to do their operation effectively. The VIC government is required to implement the technology adopted by the digital innovation in the system. The protocols, which define such digital activities, are required for performing and maintaining the smooth operation in the system involved. To implement this, the present security protocols are to be upgraded and constantly reviewed to ensure effective performance in terms of operation (DeAngelo Stulz, 2015). This will help the organization involved to conduct better assessment of the risks or threats and help in understanding the concepts more. Risks and uncertainties: Risks are defined as a state of condition where loss or profit pertaining to a decision is present. Risks can also be associated with an interaction of uncertainty (Howes et al., 2015). In financial aspect, the deduction of loss in the business is a risk. The uncertainties in the system are termed as the complete absence of information about a certain parameter form the system. Uncertainty is the presence of a situation without the presence of the description (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). It is seen in future analysis predictions where the descriptions are totally missing. The various risks included in this section are the ICT and the information security. The national and international policies are not always constant and thus risks in operational requirement are always evident. The service compliance are the uncertainties as the presence of compliance can be present or not at all (Hopkin, 2017). The security of information and ICT are a place where risks are evident as the presence of any implications can jeopardize a large prospect in the system. In addition, information in a public sector organization is always subjected to risks as unauthorized access and breach is always a mechanism that is affecting the system constantly. However, the national and international standards are an aspect where uncertainties are present due to their constant change in nature(Loke et al., 2016). Thus, the factor of uncertainty always shows in the compliance of the international and national standards. Risks and mitigation: The risks and the mitigation techniques followed by VIC government is done to address the threats and the risks faced by them. The use of security protocols are done to assess the presence of security in the system involved. The risk management techniques are included in the public sector organizations to maintain the risks and security involved (Howes et al., 2015). The VPDSF are used to address the risks involved in doing their operations and the approach for mitigation is included in the standards of the VPDSF. This helps in safe business operation of the organization involved. To ensure the mitigation of risks is addressed, the presence of four protocols in the system is evident in the VIC government. The first protocol of the mitigation procedure claims that the sponsorship for risk management should be present in the constitutional framework ("VICTORIAN PROTECTIVE DATA SECURITY FRAMEWORK", 2017). The second protocol defines the need for analyzing and registering the risks that are evident in the organization involved. The third protocol requires the assessment of monitoring of risks involved and their addressing to meet the analyzed risks. The last protocol refers to application of improvement in the present security protocol by the organization. Conclusion: The VIC government needs the operating presence of the VPDSF to help in identification of the risks and threats involved in the security of the four major domains identified in the public sector organization. The following report concludes by showing the usefulness and effectiveness of various standards involved for the public sector organizations to address the various risks or uncertainties identified. References: Almeida, H., Hankins, K. W., Williams, R. (2016). Risk management with supply contracts.The Review of Financial Studies. Cash, C. E., Securities, M. (2014). Risks and Uncertainties. Cole, S., Gin, X., Vickery, J. (2017). How does risk management influence production decisions? Evidence from a field experiment.The Review of Financial Studies,30(6), 1935-1970. Davies, J. C. (2014).Comparing environmental risks: tools for setting government priorities. Routledge. DeAngelo, H., Stulz, R. M. (2015). Liquid-claim production, risk management, and bank capital structure: Why high leverage is optimal for banks.Journal of Financial Economics,116(2), 219-236. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Heazle, M., Tangney, P., Burton, P., Howes, M., Grant-Smith, D., Reis, K., Bosomworth, K. (2013). Mainstreaming climate change adaptation: An incremental approach to disaster risk management in Australia.Environmental Science Policy,33, 162-170. Hopkin, P. (2017).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K., Burton, P. (2015). Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,58(5), 757-776. Hsu, W. K., Tseng, C. P., Chiang, W. L., Chen, C. W. (2012). Risk and uncertainty analysis in the planning stages of a risk decision-making process.Natural Hazards,61(3), 1355-1365. Jouini, M., Rabai, L. B. A., Aissa, A. B. (2014). Classification of security threats in information systems.Procedia Computer Science,32, 489-496. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Loke, P., Koplin, J., Beck, C., Field, M., Dharmage, S. C., Tang, M. L., Allen, K. J. (2016). Statewide prevalence of school children at risk of anaphylaxis and rate of adrenaline autoinjector activation in Victorian government schools, Australia.Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,138(2), 529-535. Luiijf, E. (2012). Understanding cyber threats and vulnerabilities. InCritical Infrastructure Protection(pp. 52-67). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Morris, J., Beedell, J., Hess, T. M. (2016). Mobilising flood risk management services from rural land: principles and practice.Journal of Flood Risk Management,9(1), 50-68. Nurse, J. R., Buckley, O., Legg, P. A., Goldsmith, M., Creese, S., Wright, G. R., Whitty, M. (2014, May). Understanding insider threat: A framework for characterising attacks. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2014 IEEE(pp. 214-228). IEEE. Paschen, J. A., Beilin, R. (2017). How a risk focus in emergency management can restrict community resiliencea case study from Victoria, Australia.International Journal of Wildland Fire,26(1), 1-9. Peltier, T. R. (2013).Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Redley, B., Raggatt, M. (2017). Use of standard risk screening and assessment forms to prevent harm to older people in Australian hospitals: a mixed methods study.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2016. Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Toohey, A. (2016). New Victorian protective data security standards roll-out: Will you be at the table?.IQ: The RIM Quarterly,32(2), 16. VICTORIAN PROTECTIVE DATA SECURITY FRAMEWORK. (2017). Retrieved 18 August 2017, from https://www.cpdp.vic.gov.au/images/content/pdf/data_security/20160628%20VPDSF%20Framework%20June%202016%20v1.0.pdf

A nation Under Attack essays

A nation Under Attack essays We are a nation under attack. No, I am not confused. I am not mixing us up with Iraq, which is systematically being attacked by the U.S. government. I mean we, a nation of American citizens who are systematically being attacked by the U.S. government. No bombs have been dropped yet but the soldiers have certainly been put on alert. Im not sure if this was George W.s plan all the time or if the light suddenly went on when he was granted the presidency by the Supreme Court, but somewhere along the line he decided the old rules of American government, including the built in checks and balance system of separate branches of government, were no longer needed and he would make up some new ones. And, boy, has he been busy. Since he took office, George W. has little by little beaten back our assumed, and always before guaranteed, civil rights. He has established what is known as the Bush Doctrine. It says, in essence: he, the leader of the United States, will be ever vigilant looking for countries that may someday develop into a threat and, pre-emptively, declare war on them. No, he will not need anyones approval, he assigned himself sovereign power. To be clear, this is a power given to a monarch or other supreme ruler. Yes, I am still talking about America, land of democracy. I read most of the Bush Doctrine and never did find who gets to keep an eye on us, in case we develop into a threatbecause right about now Id say that country is either loading the missiles or asleep on the job. He has signed into law the Patriot Act, which gives the government the right to arrest without charge and hold indefinitely anyone the government labels a threat. Well, two lines in to this editorial I became a threat to the new regime. One of the reasons we broke from England in 1776 was that they were arresting people without charge and holding them indefinitely. At the time we considered ...

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Albert Beveridge | The March of the Flag Speech

Albert Beveridge | The March of the Flag Speech Albert Beveridge, an enthusiastic imperialist, was campaigning for the Indiana senator seat in 1898 when he delivered The March of the Flag speech. The speech, which was published later in the Indianapolis Journal, was pronounced one month after the signing of armistice. The speech aimed at promoting US imperialism both as a divine and national mission that originated with Thomas Jefferson. In the speech, he used religious rhetoric and invoked God eleven times to appeal to an audience. The audience expected politicians to know the Holy Scriptures and took divine Providence as Manifest Destiny. He envisaged the US taking a colonial which he defined in terms of a divine mission. Running as the party of prosperity, economic stability and the gold standard, Republicans won the 1896 presidential election. William McKinley easily defeated the populist Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan, having gotten enormous campaign contributions mainly from big businesses. He was to usher in a long period of republican dominance in the countys politics. During the period, Cuba was experiencing a humanitarian crisis and the US intervened by attacking Spain in April 1898, quickly acquiring Cuba, the Philippines and Puerto Rico. However, in the Philippines, it took a long and brutal war to quell mounting internal rebellion. When the speech was being delivered, the status of the new territories had not been settled. Through the speech, Beveridge put forward the idea that the US was obligated to extend civilization to the conquered territories as a key platform for bolstering American economic strength. The speech aimed at celebrating American victory. However, behind the enthusiasm lay a burning desire to counter the critics of the imperialist move who Beverage referred to as they in the speech (paragraph 10). The critics, who constituted the great proportion of the electorate, were adamantly opposed and very reluctant to embrace an idea of an imperial America. The speech starts with adulation of his country in epic terms (paragraphs 1-3). Later, he puts across the main issue behind the campaign in paragraphs 4 to7: the decision to or not to pursue an imperialist policy. In paragraphs 8-11, he justifies his countrys pursuance of the imperialist policy and answers objections of anti-imperialists. The objections, he says defies the notion of patriotism and celebration of Americas power. Beveridges first argument was founded on the fact that his countys geographical position gave it political and economic power in terms of resources, size and location dividing the two imperial oceans. This assertion implied that Americas superiority was beyond that of all European powers. In paragraph 3, he refers to myth of the west in relation to the unexplored land or wilderness (paragraph 3). He mentions the heroes of expansionary wars and puts forward a mythic observation of the western conquest of the 1840s (paragraph 7). Beveridges third argument centres on racial superiority. He alludes to the blood (paragraph 2) and evokes the feeling of power associated as evidenced by the virility of the countrys multiplying people. In his view, the increase in American population is sue to their virility and is not related to immigration: this illustrates the mythic approach that America gives to its problems. President Roosevelt would pose as an energetic and virile man on several occasions. This cult of force, power and energy suggests a Darwinian twist in Beverigdes ideas. He also uses religious arguments to advance his idea of imperialism. Reading through the speech, one can be forgiven for thinking that it is a piece of O Sullivans Manifest Destiny. The only variation is that Beveridges religious propositions were mostly expressed in a scientifically inspired language. To his country, the grace of God is feels as inevitable. He later makes reference to natures law in regard to the divine determinism thereby directing his argument in a pseudo scientific explanation of imperialism. In paragraph 5, Beveridge adds yet another dimension to his argument-that of a historical mission of duty. This suggests a traditional puritan idea of stewardship as renewed by the Gospel of wealth during the Gilded Age. Stewardship aimed at civilising people and converting them to Christianity at the same time. Along with the call to stewardship came the need to extend democracy to those perceived to be oppressed. Ironically, the freedom that the American liberators could bring didnt go as far as extending freedom to all. Beveridge calls it rules of liberty self-government. Beveridges insistence on the sense of mission blankets what is a major preoccupation for his country economical predominance. In paragraph 6, he uses the word reward in reference to the parable of Talent. This is a clever marriage of religious economic rhetoric. In his view, rewards were to come in form of new riches and markets- an idea prevalent in the Gospel of wealth that takes wealth for Gods blessing. This shows that the real aim behind imperialism is indeed commercial supremacy. The recurrence of the words domination and power in last paragraph are indicators of this fact. Contextually, the approaching elections were his countrys short term preoccupation. In the long term, the preoccupation was whether the new territories would be annexed to America. Beveridge wanted even more territories to be annexed after the Philippines. His stand was that the values of the American Revolution were not contradictory to the policy of annexation and the views of those living in the annexed territories. To him, the colonised were inferior people who couldnt enjoy the values of American Revolution in equal measure to the Americans. This was a flat rejection of the notion of equality (paragraph 8-10). The constitution should not follow the flag- i.e. the annexed territories shouldnt enjoy the constitutional entitlements of his countrys constitution. His racist mindset clearly comes to the fore in chapter 10 when he describes as inferior the people of foreign lands as savages and alien populations. He envisaged a colonial America governing the new territories since England did it to America. Besides, he explains that the Indians experience offered ideas as to how to handle the conquered. In clearly distinctive wording of we versus them, he is opposed to assimilation of those savages with the mainstream Americans (paragraph 8). His mentality correlates well with that of southerners towards the blacks prior to the Civil War. Finally, he defends the Philippines conquest as a rampart to the then greedy competition for territories by world powers saying that if US didnt do it, other powers would do so. The article is no doubt a celebration of American mythical and heroic founding. It features an explicit show of force and brutality: economic domination of conquered territories, virility of the American population, racial competition and accumulation of wealth at the expense of conquered territories. It evokes the feeling of American supremacy since its founding and the brutal materialism that continues to define American way of life down to the present. The vocabulary indicates both cynicism and naivety. The militant celebration served to convince the deeply cynical electorate to pull in the direction of imperial America. It is naive to the fact that such imperialism deeply violated the values of America as a nation, a fact that could not resonate well with not only the electorate but also the leftist leaning statesmen of the time. To best drive his point home, he insisted on syntactical patterns and repetition of words to bring the audience to his point of focus. His frequent use of questions and answers gave the speech a polemical quality and seemed like a dialogue with his audience. This particularly made the cynical audience evaluate its stand with every posing of a question and giving of a suggested answer. The speech is highly representative of a critical and decisive moment of history in the making of American nation, capturing in great colour the prevalent ideology then. The speech brought out the natural fusion of state policy and Biblical injunction (religion). Implicit in the speech is the ideology that the non-white world was inferior and unable to govern itself. It therefore needed the benevolent Americans civilizing affects. Alexander K. McClure, ed (1902). Famous American Statesmen Orators. VI. New York: F. F. Lovell Publishing Company. p. 3. Book Review: A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights Book Review: A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights Book review of A FIELD OF ONE’S OWN: GENDER AND LAND RIGHTS IN SOUTH ASIA by BINA AGARWAL (Cambridge South Asian Studies, 1994) This book is first of its kind. It is the first major study of gender and land rights of woman in the region. This book aims to tackle various gender bias arguments that are put forward by patriarchal society for not giving women the land rights. This book has been of utmost significance in affecting policies providing land rights to women. As in India, it prepared the ground for the incorporation of fairly radical recommendations in Ninth Five year plan. It also led ministry of rural areas and employment in November, 1997 to set up 3 member committee for Gender equality in land devolution in tenurial laws to reform the rules governing inheritance of agricultural land.[1] Book starts with emphasising the role of women in major movements be it Chipko movement in UP or Bodhgaya movement in Bihar, yet women did not receive any share of land that was distributed after these movements. She also describes these struggles vividly at the end of the book that how women participated in Tebhaga struggle, Telangana struggle, Bodhgaya struggle yet the benefits were received all by males and they were said to get back to their household work. It is only in Bodhgaya struggle that they managed to get land jointly in their names after a strenuous struggle. Agarwal pointed out the role of the state in establishing women’s land rights through land distribution. There has been always focus on basic needs such as education, health of women, but she explains it is equally important to focus on giving land rights to women in policy formulation. State has assumed that giving land to male would take care of complete family including women. Assumption of family as singl e entity and benefits get distributed equally holds in state’s allocation of land. But she said that bargaining power plays as much role inside household as much in market. She stressed on women having â€Å"independent rights in land† demanding rights not just in law but in practice as well. This is what would essentially give women more bargaining power according to her. Though she says that an even joint title over land is also beneficial for women than having no land but having independent control over land would give them greater flexibility. Role of the state in establishing land rights for women have been emphasised often in this book. It has well evidenced in this book that because state does not show much interest in giving rights to women that the issue remains suppressed under the carpet. Like it was shown in the case of Garos, a tribal community in North-east India that state policies was largely responsible for erosion of women land rights. She very well also focuses on the fact that how scholars and policy makers have wrongly interpreted Marxist ideology. Engels said â€Å"In capitalist societies, gender relation would be hierarchical among property owning families of bourgeoisie where women did not go out to work and egalitarian in property less proletarian families where women were in labour force.† It was essentially focusing on the fact that abolition of private property could restore women land rights. This was largely ignored by even the left wing parties whose main focus was on land redistribution. While discussing the absence of a gendered focus in redistributive programmes, Operation Barga in West Bengal is taken as a case in point, where primarily men were registered. While the criticism on grounds of non-registration of women is perfectly valid, the critique mounted of the Left certainly needs to take note of the issues involved, especially since the left-inclined women were some of the most outspoken in demanding land rights for women. While pointing out the patriarchal bias in land reforms implemented by Left-led governments, it may have also been useful to explore what implications the abandonment of the land reforms programme altogether by other political configurations has on the economy in general and the lives of women specifically.[2] Agarwal claims that despite the legislations favouring land rights to women, very few have effective land control. Even in the few cases where women had land rights, the right to decision concerning sale of land or produce of land rests with male family head or male kin. In some cases, land rights were not given in a fair manner. Women would get a lower share than their male counterparts. Agarwal then comes on to the issue which is the main argument of Agarwal on why land rights are at all important for women and society in general. It is premised on: a) women’s bargaining power increases in home as well as in society (b) it is easy to find non farm employment opportunities (c) children are better taken care of if women has the money in her hand (d)Security of women will be assured if she has an asset (e)land will not be fragmented if it in the hands of women and its productivity will rise and so on. Likewise various reasons for giving rights to women have been brought forth from welfare, empowerment and equality perspectives. Enough reasons and counter reasons of providing land to women have been provided. Though scholars like Cecile Jackson has argued that increased women participation in land rights will induce conflict in household rather than mitigating it[3]. But Agarwal argues here that women already are in conflict in household going through various forms of harassment and violence. She says â€Å"In any case, if everything difficult were to be set aside on the argument that it might cause intra-family conflict, then where would we go with women’s struggles over reproductive rights, or over gend er-equal education, or over their freedom to choose their marriage partners or professions, and so on?†[4] She claims that giving rights to women who works on land will lead to more productivity from some empirical works. But Jackson refuses to take this argument and says this is just the logic of incentives that work here. So even if men are given rights they will have more incentive to increase productivity. But to propose that transfer of land from male to female ownership within a landed household is justified on this evidence is another matter entirely. Agarwal very well inculcated the argument of increasing bargaining power of women at household, community and the state level for empowerment of women. A member’s bargaining position is determined by the strength of person’s fall back position. If women possess an asset it will not only improve their fall back position but also give them greater bargaining power both within the household as well as outside. They can bargain for subsistence within the family and for fair distribution of resources in the community. Implicit or explicit bargaining can occur between an individual and the community over the rules governing economic resource use, political positions and social behaviour. Women’s bargaining strength with the state depends on factors such as whether they are able to organize themselves into groups and garner the support of media. Agarwal also brings forth the fact that it is majorly inheritance and succession practices which is customary rather than defined by law. In this customary inheritance of ancestral property, land goes to males of the family. She has pointed that this succession practice was not biased earlier where tribes like Garos, Nayars in India and many in Sri Lanka gave land rights and inheritance rights to women. However this has slowly eroded due to changes in customary practices and scarcity of land over which women had little control. She tries to find out what really defines land rights or inheritance rights for women by studying various communities in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. She extensively studies and tabulates the nature of communities, marriage practices, marries close kin or not, residence after marriage, sexual freedom. Causation was established thus that if women marry with a close kin or remain within the village after marriage they can exercise control ov er any inherited property. However even in matrilineal or bilateral communities, jural authority or authority to participate in caste council rested with males. This is an essential feature which restricted women to have control over their lands. Their participation in caste councils have been fundamentally restricted which intensified the sufferings of women as there was no one to listen to their apathy. So as Agarwal says they ‘largely remain takers and not makers of many decisions that deeply affect their lives’. This is emphasised often that if women enter the struggle through ‘state apparatus’, it could be a crucial step towards women empowerment. Agarwal has also captured the essential aspect of this debate that why women don’t exercise their rights even if they can and is defined under law. Women tend to face various difficulties while inheriting land in traditionally patrilineal communities. They tend to voluntarily give up land rights in lieu of getting access to her brother’s house. Brother’s support is considered crucial in every aspect of women’s life customarily. Also women are at the receiving end of hostility from male kin in case she tries to exercise her rights. They are dependent on male kin for mediation with outside world. Other reason is that she finds it difficult to have land rights is lack of support from village bodies and government official as they are not allowed to participate in village panchayats and state bodies. Also the patwaris (village land records official) commonly present in Northern India favour custom law over existing law by registering land in names of males of the family only. Again the concern of unwillingness of the state and government officials to protect the rights of women is put forth. Even if the state enforces laws for women but it does not ensure practice of it rather promotes unwritten customary laws. Thus she points out that it will be less difficult to enforce land rights in Nepal, Sri Lanka and south India where the customs favouring women rights are into existence. It would be much difficult to apply in Pakistan, Northern India. Further Agarwal gives counter arguments for the reasons put forward by patriarchal society for not giving share of economic resources to women. Firstly, it is believed that if women own land they will not be able to access resources and since they are generally illiterate they will not be able to cultivate effectively. Agarwal counter argued it by providing a very admiring solution to this. She said that it will be effective if women could cultivate jointly as a group. This way they can pool resources and also can access credit easily. Also women have extensive knowledge of indigenous seeds and farming technique. If women operate as a group they can exercise greater bargaining power over community resources than if they work individually. Secondly, according to the slogan ‘land goes to the tiller’, women cannot have the right over land. Though it is the women who cultivate land yet they hold no rights over it. It was said that land will go to the tiller. Women were not a llowed to plough the land not just because of heaviness of the work but it is considered against the customs. So though the women sow the seed and harvested the crops without which there would have been no production yet they were denied land rights just if they did not plough the land. Another argument that is put forward by patriarchal society which though has been captured by other scholars like Goody(1973, 1976) that if women were given rights on ancestral property then their marriages have been tried to control. This argument is refreshed by Agarwal through empirical evidence taking in account both immovable and movables given as dowry. Patriarchal society claims that they give women their due share when they depart from house after marriage. But it is not recorded on the paper neither it is distributed in a fair manner. Also generally immovable like land is not passed on to daughter due to various considerations of distance and marrying a non kin. So generally the dowry that t he daughter gets is not used by her rather her in-laws use it. It is very interesting how she has captured the fact that songs, words and silence has been used as mediums of protest. Songs of folklore have been given as example to get an understanding of the fact that women interweave their sufferings in songs which pokes at patriarchal society. Sometimes silence and other times words were used as mediums to protest against the society which largely denies them rights. Small protests at home like daring to leave the house of husband is highlighted by Agarwal to point that woman actually suffered but did not come up openly to ask their rights. Various solutions have been put forward at the end of the book in the chapter ‘The long march ahead’. a)It is essential that state policies should be framed to incorporate gender equality b) Inheritance rather than dowry is the critical aspect for gaining bargaining power in household c) greater participation of women in jural bodies and representation in decision making bodies at village level d) women can acquire land rights as a group as it promotes infrastructural support. These solutions are expressed by Agarwal as, (p.494) â€Å"The shift in approach from welfare oriented to empowerment oriented, from top-down to participative, and from individual focused to group focused, in the 1980s, is an important step forward.† Agarwal concludes that struggle for gender equity is no different from struggles on many other fronts such as for democratic rights, against communalism etc. Also there has been increasing interaction among women groups internationally across Asia which has the potential for catalysing the formation of regional pressure groups around common concerns. It is not very clear how giving land rights will improve condition of women and productivity of land as there are many other empirical evidence other than those quoted by her that reveal in opposite direction. Whether land rights could be a single solution to various problems faced by women is doubtful. But land rights could be considered to be an essential first step towards women empowerment. As Agarwal makes it clear that what has crucial bearing on gender relation is not just rights over economic resources but also how, that is the process through which it is acquired. Acquiring those rights will require simultaneous struggles agains t many different facets of gender inequalities embedded in social norms and practices, access to public decision-making bodies at every level, gendered ideas and representations, and so on. It will require shifts in power balances in women’s favour in several different arenas: within the household, in the community and the market, and at different tiers of the state apparatus. REFERENCES: Bina Agarwal â€Å"Women’s Land Rights and the Trap of Neo-Conservatism: A Response to Jackson† (2003), Journal of Agrarian change 571-585 Bina Agarwal, Gender and land rights revisited: Exploring the new prospects through the state, family and market, Journal of Agrarian Change, 2003, 184-224 Cecile Jackson â€Å"Gender Analysis of Land: Beyond Land Rights for Women?† (2003) 3 Journal of Agrarian Change 453-480 Indu Agnihotri â€Å"Bringing Land Rights Centre-Stage† (1996), Economic and Political Weekly [1] Agarwal, Journal of Agrarian Change, 2003 [2] Indu Agnihotri â€Å"Bringing Land Rights Centre-Stage† (1996), Economic and Political Weekly [3] Cecile Jackson â€Å"Gender Analysis of Land: Beyond Land Rights for Women?† (2003) 3 Journal of Agrarian Change 453-480 [4] Agarwal Bina â€Å"Women’s Land Rights and the Trap of Neo-Conservatism: A Response to Jackson† (2003), Journal of Agrarian change 571-585

Justice of America :: essays papers

Justice of America The Greek philosopher Plato thought that there were four virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. The most important of these is wisdom, which is knowledge of that which is truly good. People who have wisdom and, as a result, know what is truly good will tend to do what is right. These people will act in their own true interest and be in harmony with themselves. This harmony is the basis of all justice. People who have justice, in Plato’s view, will tend to have other virtues as well. (World Book Encyclopedia; Ethics, Justice.) We as a country all believe in justice and that it works to preserve our country’s heritage. So it is worth fighting for when people threaten our freedom. Justice is a hard term to define. Each society and country has different views and moral standards, so it is hard to completely define it in one definition. The United States looks at justice as a moral standard that applies to all human conduct. The Taleban does not see it this way. The Taleban and other groups like them have very different views of justice. To the Taleban members human conduct is directed by religion and culture, whereas we are directed by civility and reasoning. They thought that they were serving â€Å"justice† to the United States when they flew airplanes into both of the World Trade Center Buildings and killed thousands of innocent people on September 11, 2001. â€Å"The United states is wrong for their actions.† That was their religious reasoning for doing â€Å"justice† to the United States. But that is not what was done to our country. In the United States we call it terrorism. But could this terrorism have been avoided? It possibly cou ld have if both sides were willing to listen and try to understand where each other are coming from. To further answer that question we have to look at both sides of the coin. Their way of life is so different from our every day lives in the United States that there is no way our definitions of justice are going to agree. They have different standards, beliefs, and priorities. Part of their culture says that women are not even allowed to be part of their society, whereas we allow women to be elected officials in our nations Senate and Congress. As you can plainly see, our views are completely different. But no matter how different we are from each other, nothing they say or do can justify what they did to our country.

Internship Report on Nestle Essay

It became ‘Kit Kat’ in 1937, two years before the Second World War. Within two years of launch Kit Kat was established as Rowntree’s leading product, a position that it has maintained ever since. During the Second World War Rowntree Kit Kat was seen as a valuable wartime food and advertising described the brand as ‘What active people need’. For most of its life Rowntree Kit Kat has appeared in the well-known red and white wrapper. It did, however, change to a blue wrapper in 1945, when it was produced with a plain chocolate covering due to a shortage of milk following the war. This blue packaging was withdrawn in 1947 when the standard milk chocolate Kit Kat was reintroduced. Polo and Fox candies are also well known and favorite products for refreshment. In Pakistan, Polo is now being imported from china after one year gap. Nestle Pakistan is producing Polo in china with lighter weight than before. Fox candies are available in six different flavors, from which Nestle fruit Fox is the most saleable and demanding candy. Nestle means ‘little nest’ in Swiss German. Nestle first customer was a premature infant who could tolerate neither his mother’s milk nor any other conventional substitute. Thus, Henri’s ultimate goal was to help fight the problem of infant mortality due to malnutrition for which he developed a product combining various cow’s milk, wheat flour and sugar and name it Farine Lactee Nestle, which was the first product of Nestle being marketed in Europe. In 1974, Jules Monnerat purchased Nestle and collectively they launched a condensed milk product of its own. In 1905, Nestle got merged with Anglo-Swiss condensed milk. After some time, when Nestle got fully established and all its operation were properly functioning in Europe and was gaining fame around Europe, then Nestle decided to set up production plants around the globe to ensure the growth of the organization and to become multinational. The decision to set up industrial operation in new market needs a lot of research, as there are various factors that effect the growth of the organization and turns out to be a loss for the company. Such factors are as follows ? The availability of raw material ? Cost factor ? Economic climate ? Consumer purchasing power ? Consumer tastes The decision to become multinational turned fruitful for Nestle and today Nestle has its own operations and products in America, England, India, Brazil, Australia, Pakistan, Hungary, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain and various other countries around the globe. The history of Nestle includes the development of many different products as well as acquisitions, mergers and the purchasing of shares in companies, mainly abroad. Over the course of the years, this enabled it to broaden its range of products and diversify its operations, while at the same time strengthening the economic foundations of the company. Amongst the most important acquisitions were Carnation in Los Angeles (milk, culinary products and pet foods) and more recently Rowntree Mackintosh in York (chocolate and confectionery), Buitoni in Perugia (pasta) as well as Perrier in France(mineral water).

Human Resources Outsourcing - 2483 Words

ABSTRACT In this globalization era, Human Resource Outsourcing (HRO) has come to the surface of business life as a solution. When Multi-national companies decided to outsource its Human Resources Operations, they had only one major goal in mind and that is cutting costs. They have decided to outsource end-to-end human resource operations to third party and today it has become the greatest of exposures. This interesting solution is the main reason why this paper was being written. This paper will discuss about the real concept of outsourcing especially human resource outsourcing, advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing, and so forth. By discussing all that, it will be clear why human resource outsourcing is quite a trend among†¦show more content†¦Technically speaking, outsourcing is not just the contract with a third party to perform a service for an organization, but it also involves transferring a significant amount of management control and decision-making to the external sup plier. The process of outsourcing is very much formal like other business processes and it always includes a considerable degree of two-way information exchange, coordination, and trust. (Martin, 2006) The concept of outsourcing became popular in the mid 1990s since then the trend of outsourcing has increased to a great level. The reason for this increase in the popularity of the concept of outsourcing was the rapid growth in the number of high-tech companies in the early 1990s that were often not vast or large enough to incorporate and run large customer service departments of their own. There are four steps that generally covered by the process of outsourcing, which are: 1. Strategic thinking, developing the organizations philosophy about the role of outsourcing in its activities. 2. Evaluation and selection, to decide on the appropriate outsourcing projects and potential locations for the work to be done and service providers to do it. 3. Contract development, to work out the legal, pricing and service level agreement (SLA) terms 4. Outsourcing management or governance, to refine the ongoing working relationship between the client and outsourcing service providers. (Shiravastav, 2007) Generally, theShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Outsourcing : Outsourcing2141 Words   |  9 Pagescompetitive benefits, the human resources outsourcing management is facing a tremendous challenge. Human resources outsourcing (HR Outsourcing) one kind of choice provide by human resource service working mode. 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It is important to first ask if Jim’s executive assistant has the expertise to deal with the day-to-day human resource tasks or is this an additional burden on the assistant. It may appear as a burden due to the many problems the company is experiencing. Read MoreJohn Moody Case Study Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesPeter, Managing for the Future, New York: Truman Talley Books/Dutton 1992. The effective executive has to be able to recognize and run with the opportunity, to learn, and constantly to refresh the knowledge base. Duane, Michael John, Customized Human Resource Planning: Different Practices for Different Organizations, Westport, CT: Quorum Books 1996. Theories and practical applications for effective workforce planning including forecasting, strategic objectives, program evaluation and control, and organizational